The rise of the totalitarism

The totalitarianism appeared in the postwar period in many European countries in many different forms of governments; in Italy it was Fascism with Mussolini, in Germany it was the Nazism with Hitler, in Russia the Communism with Stalin…

The rise of the totalitarism: Italian Fascism

·      In Italy, the Fascism appeared in 1922 when Victor Manuel II, king of Italy, named Mussolini as the Prime Minister. This occurred after the March on Rome that same year, whose purpose was to force the constitutional government to give up and to impose Mussolini, which they got.

During his mandate he made sure to have as little enemies as possible; he made a treaty with the Catholic Church, and imposed the religion, so that all the religious people supported him, he also had a secret police dedicated to murder to the members of the other political parties. This secret police was called OVRA[1].

In meetings and public acts, he usually explained that he wanted to create a unified Italy which could be self-sufficient, however, what he really wanted to get was a country feared and respected by its neighbors, in such a way that no other country dared to attack him.
Mussolini to power video

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[1] OVRA: Organization for Vigilance and Repression of  Anti-Fascism.

The rise of the totalitarism: National Socialism

·      The National Socialism, more commonly known as Nazism, appeared in Germany after the First World War with Hitler. The basis and the ideology were very similar to the Italian Fascism, however the Nazism was much more extreme and radical.

Once the Weimar Republic was created, the country was in a terrible economical situation, and the National Socialist party had it easy for winning the elections and after that, it was even easier to impose their thoughts.

As Mussolini in Italy, Hitler created a secret police dedicated to kill and prosecute to all those that imposed to the Fascism and to the Jews, this secret police was called the GESTAPO.

This is the GESTAPO's flag with the Nazi sign in it.


Hitler wanted to have a total control over the country and wanted to create an ethernal empire. To get this, he adapted the education to get profit:
All the teachers must be part of the Nazist party; in this way, he made sure that the thoughts and the beliefs of the party were transmited.
All the subjects must have something related with the ideas of the party; for example: if a house for a civil costs 20.000 marks and a center for psiquically dishabeled costs 600.000 marks, how many houses for civils could we build if there were no need to build centers for dishabeled?
In this way he "brainwashed" the children's mind.

Plus he created an Empire of fear, in which everybody feared everybody, in such a way that neighbours that used to have good relations spyed each other.

He also created propaganda, so that he could transmit his ideas to everybody, rich and poor. In this way, more people felt included and more people suported him.


He broke the Locarno Agreements when he decided to invade the surrounding territories to German, like Polan. His intentions were to expell the citizens to get more space for Germany and the agriculture, in such a way that the country became independent from others and didn't need any other's products. With this, he would be improving the economy and expanding the territories and in the end, getting a more powerful country.
When he killed jews and dishabeled, the puspose was the same, if he killed people that could not produce money, then he would not spend money on them.






Hitler to power video.